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Polysaccharide gums are ones of the most abundant raw materials in nature. Gums are known to be pathological products generated after plant injuries or due to unfavorable conditions (e.g., drought) through the breakdown of cell walls (extracellular formation gummosis). On this object, the present review aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview of GT in biomedicine and tries to open new horizons in the field based on its inherent characteristics. However, more research is needed for defining GT applicability in the future of biomedical engineering. With the advent of tissue engineering, GT has also been utilized for the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds applied for both hard and soft tissue healing strategies.
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Over time, GT has been shown to be a useful reagent in the formation and stabilization of metal nanoparticles in the context of green chemistry. The stability against microbial, heat and acid degradation has made GT an attractive material not only in industrial settings (e.g., food packaging) but also in biomedical approaches (e.g., drug delivery). This anionic polymer is known to be a biodegradable, non-allergenic, non-toxic, and non-carcinogenic material. As a polysaccharide, GT can be easily extracted from the stems and branches of various species of Astragalus. The use of naturally occurring materials in biomedicine has been increasingly attracting the researchers’ interest and, in this regard, gum tragacanth (GT) is recently showing great promise as a therapeutic substance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.